What is the definition of a variable cost?

A variable cost is defined as a cost that fluctuates with the volume or activity level of business operations. This means that as production or service levels increase or decrease, the costs associated with these activities also change accordingly. For instance, in a transportation setting, costs such as fuel expenses, maintenance of vehicles, and costs associated with maintenance and repair are often variable costs, as they increase with more mileage or usage and decrease when fewer resources are used.

This definition is essential in understanding how businesses manage their budgets and operations, as variable costs directly impact profitability based on the level of output. In contrast, fixed costs remain stable regardless of production volume, making it crucial for businesses to differentiate between these two types of costs when planning financial strategies and analyzing cost structures.